The return of international war and rising deficits in state legitimacy: IDOS Constellations of State Fragility 3.0
Lorch, Jasmin / Sebastian Ziaja (2025)
Policy Brief 33/2025
The IDOS Constellations of State Fragility (CSF) is a multidimensional model to assess state fragility. CSF 3.0 covers the period 2005 to 2024. Its methodology was updated to respond to the return of international war. The main empirical trend it reveals is the rise of deficits in states’ legitimacy.