External publications

Justice in Global debt governance in developing countries

Berensmann, Kathrin
Externe Publikationen (2025)

in: Axel Berger / Clara Brandi / Eszter Kollar (eds.), Justice in Global Economic Governance: Normative and Empirical Perspectives on Promoting Fairer Globalisation, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 158-165

ISBN: 978-1-399-53013-2
Open access

The debt situation in developing countries (low- and middle-income countries) has come under immense stress. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank have estimated that the proportion of low-income countries (LICs) that are at high risk of debt distress or are already in debt distress has increased from 30 per cent in 2015 to more than 50 per cent in 2024 (IMF, 2024). About 25 per cent of middle-income countries (MICs) are also at risk. There are many reasons for this, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the climate crisis. However, some countries have taken on excessive debt in the good times, in some cases on unfavourable terms. The rise in interest rates over the last two years has further increased the debt burden and made refinancing more difficult. Despite this mounting debt crisis, recent debt restructurings have been slow to materialise and has so far been limlited to very few countries.

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